Cracking 12
Cracking 12 : The thermal decomposition of a petroleum fraction into substances of lower average molecular weight, frequently accompanied by a rearrangement of the internal structure of the molecule. A process whereby the relative proportions of products obtainable from an oil may be altered by bringing about changes in the chemical structure of the constituent hydrocarbons. These changes characteristically involve increasing the yield of lighter and lower-boiling material at the expense of the heavier and less volatile. A primary purpose of the cracking process is the production of gasoline from heavier distillates. In some processes, the essence of cracking operations is the subjection of the raw material to high temperature for a limited time; such an operation is known as "thermal cracking" as distinct from "catalytic cracking" a development in which the essential feature is that the operation is carried out in the presence of a substance - i. e. the catalyst - which promotes the cracking of the oil
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