"CAP occurs in response to a credible threat or in response to an incident. CAP occurs in a time-compressed environment with the objective of developing an imminently executable plan. Planners operating in a CAP environment normally attempt to modify an existing contingency plan related to the incident threat or scenario. If a plan is unavailable, planners will develop a plan using CAP. Because crisis planning is a continuation and derivative of deliberate planning, the processes used for both should be as similar as possible. Emergency situations-where human tragedy, disrupted communications, contradictory information, demands for immediate action, and other factors place tremendous strain on staffs and leaders-is not the time to be shaking out and learning new methods and systems. To the maximum extent possible, deliberate planning should be the template for crisis action planning". (FEMA, Interim IPS (Draft 2.3), July 3, 2008 copy, p. 2-9)