Dose_Response Assessment
Dose_Response Assessment : (a) The amount of a chemical that an organism (such as a person) is exposed to is called the dose, and the severity of the effect of that exposure is called the response. A dose_response assessment is a scientific study to determine the relationship between dose and response, and how much dose is correlated with how much response. [ED, 2000: Environmental Scorecard Glossary]; (b) A determination of the relationship between the magnitude of an administered, applied, or internal dose and a specific biological response. Response can be expressed as measured or observed incidence, percent response in groups of subjects (or populations), or as the probability of occurrence within a population. [IRIS, 1999: Glossary of IRIS Terms]; (c) The process of characterizing the relation between the dose of an agent administered or received and the incidence of an adverse health effect in exposed populations and estimating the incidence of the effect as a function of human exposure to the agent. It takes account of intensity of exposure, age pattern of exposure, and possibly other variables that might affect response, such as sex, lifestyle, and other modifying factors. A dose_response assessment usually requires extrapolation from high to low dose and extrapolation from animals to humans. A dose_response assessment should describe and justify the methods of extrapolation used to predict incidence and should characterize the statistical and biologic uncertainties in these methods. [NRC 1983: Risk Assessment in the Federal Government]; (d) The second step in the assessment of risks to humans from potentially toxic agents, in which the relationship between the dose levels to which animals or humans are exposed and the healtheffect responses at each dose level are characterized quantitatively. Often the closeresponse assessment is based on high-dose experimental animal studies and applied to humans who are exposed at much lower doses. (See: Risk Assessment). [OFA, 2000: Oxyfuels Glossary]; (e) The process of characterizing the relation between the dose of an agent administered or received and the incidence of an adverse health effect in exposed populations and estimating the incidence of the effect as a function of human exposure to the agent. [SRA, 1999: Glossary of Risk Analysis Terms] [USDOE, 2000: RAIS Glossary]; (f) The determination of the relationship between the magnitude of administered, applied, or internal dose and a specific biological response. Response can be expressed as measured or observed incidence, percent response in groups of subjects (or populations), or the probability of occurrence of a response in a population. [USEPA, 1992: GL for Exposure Assessment] [REAP, 1995: Residential Exposure Assessment Project]; (g) The determination of the relationship between the magnitude of administered, applied, or internal dose and the probability of occurrence of the health effects in question. [USEPA, 1992a: Dermal Exposure Assessment]; (h) (1) Estimating the potency of a chemical. (2) In exposure assessment, the process of determining the relationship between the dose of a stressor and a specific biological response. (3) Evaluating the quantitative relationship between dose and toxicological responses. [USEPA, 1997a: EPA Terms of Environment]
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