"...the CAE [Chief Audit Executive] must understand the role of BCM as one of three elements of an Emergency Management Program? Emergency response (ER) is the first action that focuses on avoiding, deterring, and preventing disasters and preparing the organization to respond to a disaster. The goal of ER is lifesaving, safety, and initial efforts to limit the impact to asset damage. Crisis management (CM) focuses on managing external - and in some companies, internal - communications and senior management activities during a disaster. Even in an environment where ER and CM are mature and effective, BCM may remain inadequately addressed. BCM capabilities are focused on the recovery of critical business processes to minimize the financial and other impacts to a business caused during a disaster or business disruption. BCM [Business Continuity Management] must be integrated with ER and CM but should be a separate program. (IIA, Business Continuity Management, July, 2008, page 2)