Exposure Situations
Exposure Situations : Acute Exposure: Exposure received within a short period of time. Normally used to refer to exposure of sufficiently short duration that the resulting doses can be treated as instantaneous (e.g. less than an hour). Usually contrasted with chronic exposure and transitory exposure. Chronic Exposure: Exposure persisting in time. The adjective 'chronic' relates only to the duration of exposure, and does not imply anything about the magnitude of the doses involved. Normally used to refer to exposures persisting for many years as a result of long lived radionuclides in the environment. Exposure that is too protracted to be described as acute exposure, but does not persist for many years, is sometimes described as transitory exposure. The International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP uses the term prolonged exposure to describe the same concept. Both terms are contrasted with acute exposure (and transitory exposure). Chronic Potential Exposure: Potential exposure, the probability of occurrence of which persists in time. In a chronic potential exposure situation, the exposure, if it occurs, may be acute exposure or chronic exposure; it is the potential for the exposure to occur that persists in time. This describes a situation in which, for example, long lived radionuclides are present in a place such that people would not normally be exposed to the radiation, but where future human actions could result in exposure. The term 'potential chronic exposure' would describe a situation (as yet only hypothetical) of potential exposure in which the exposure, if it occurred, would be chronic exposure. To date, however, no particular need for this term has been identified. Normal Exposure: Exposure that is expected to occur under the normal operating conditions of a facility or activity, including possible minor mishaps that can be kept under control, i.e. during normal operation and anticipated operational occurrences. Potential Exposure: Exposure that is not expected to be delivered with certainty but that may result from an accident at a source or owing to an event or sequence of events of a probabilistic nature, including equipment failures and operating errors. Such events could also include accidents or future events influencing the integrity of a repository. Prolonged Exposure: See: Exposure Situations: Chronic Exposure. Transitory Exposure: See: Exposure Situations: Chronic Exposure
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