Forest Fire 6
Forest Fire 6 : Natural Disaster. Any wildfire or prescribed fire that is burning in forested areas, grass, or alpine/tundra vegetation. (1) The main types of forest fire are: Ground Fire: A fire that burns in the ground fuel layer. Syn: Subsurface Fire. Surface Fire: A fire that burns in the surface fuel layer, excluding the crowns of the trees, as either a head fire, flank fire, or backfire. Crown Fire: A fire that advances through the crown fuel layer, usually in conjunction with the surface fire. Crown fires can be classified according to the degree of dependence on the surface fire phase: (i) Intermittent Crown Fire: A fire in which trees discontinuously torch, but rate of spread is controlled by the surface fire phase. Syn: Passive Crown Fire. (ii) Active Crown Fire: A fire that advances with a well-defined wall of flame extending from the ground surface to above the crown fuel layer. Probably most crown fires are of this class. Development of an active crown fire requires a substantial surface fire, and thereafter the surface and crown phases spread as a linked unit. Syn: Dependent Crown Fire. (iii) Independent Crown Fire: A fire that advances in the crown fuel layer only. Syn: Running Crown Fire. (2) The anatomical parts of a forest fire are: Bay(s): A marked indentation(s) in the fire perimeter, usually located between two fingers. Syn: Pocket(s). Finger(s): An elongated burned area(s) projecting from the main body of the fire resulting in an irregular fire perimeter. Flanks: Those portions of the fire perimeter that are between the head and the back of the fire which are roughly parallel to the main direction of spread. Syn: Sides. Head: That portion of the fire perimeter having the greatest rate of spread and frontal fire intensity which is generally on the downwind and/or upslope part of the fire. Syn: Front. Back: That portion of the fire perimeter opposite the head; the slowest spreading part of the fire. Syn: Base, Heel, and Rear. Island(s): An area(s) of unburned fuels located within the fire perimeter. Point(s) of Origin: The location(s) within the fire perimeter where ignition(s) first occurred. Syn: Origin(s) of a Fire. Note: Spot Fire (1)
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