Fumarolic Activity : Natural Disaster. Volcanic gas emissions, that may be accompanied by a change in the temperature of the gases or fluids emitted. (Gardner, et.al., 1995)
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, US Geological Society (USGS), Glossary of Volcano and Related Terminology, USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, USA 2006. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/volcano_termino logy.html, (ND/ Volc Sci - Amer) {493}