Health Impact Assessment: Industrial development projects can give rise to health impacts, both positive and negative, and the oil and gas industry is no different. A health impact assessment (HIA) is a combination of procedures, methods and tools by which a project may be judged according to its potential effects on the health of a population and the distribution of those effects within that population. This applies outside the fence, i.e. to the local community population and other stakeholders who may be impacted by activities at the company's field operational site. The intent of an HIA is to predict potential positive and negative community health impacts from a project and to facilitate either avoidance or reduction of the negative impacts on human health. HIA is complementary to environmental and social impact assessment and, in many cases, can be carried out at the same time using shared core information. The jointly published OGP-IPIECA Guide to health impact assessments13 contains in-depth information and practical tools for application on the ground.