In order to continue strengthening the foundations of a prepared Nation, we will establish and institutionalize a comprehensive Homeland Security Management System that incorporates all stakeholders. Relevant departments and agencies of the Federal Government must take the lead in implementing this system, and State, local, and Tribal governments are highly encouraged to ultimately adopt fully compatible and complementary processes and practices as part of a full-scale national effort. Our current approach to managing homeland security has focused on doctrine and planning through the National Preparedness Guidelines (NPG). This new Homeland Security Management System will involve a continuous, mutually reinforcing cycle of activity across four phases: (1) Phase One: Guidance. The first phase in our Homeland Security Management System encompasses overarching homeland security guidance. It is the foundation of our system, and it must be grounded in clearly articulated and up-to-date homeland and relevant national security policies, with coordinated supporting strategies, doctrine, and planning guidance flowing from and fully synchronizing with these policies. [Such as can be found in; (1.a) Applicable Homeland Security Presidential Directives (1.b) Applicable National Security Presidential Directives (1.c) National Strategy for Homeland Security (2007) (1.d) National Implementation Plan for the Global War on Terror (1.e) National Infrastructure Protection Plan (1.f) National Response Framework (1.g) National Incident Management System] (2) Phase Two: Planning. The second phase is a deliberate and dynamic system that translates our policies, strategies, doctrine, and planning guidance into a family of strategic, operational, and tactical plans. (3) Phase Three: Execution. The third phase in the Homeland Security Management System encompasses the execution of operational and tactical-level plans. (4) Phase Four: Assessment and Evaluation. The fourth phase involves the continual assessment and evaluation of both operations and exercises. This phase of the system will produce lessons learned and best practices that must be incorporated back into all phases of the Homeland Security Management System. (White House, National Strategy for Homeland Security, Homeland Security Council, October 2007, pp. 43-45)