October 1948 Report of the War Department Office of Civil Defense Planning, Directed by Russell J. Hopley, to Secretary of Defense James Forrestal, recommending for adoption a permanent peacetime system of civil defense which will round out our defense structure and which, in the event of an emergency, can be quickly and easily expanded to meet the exigencies of a given situation. Such an organization can also be of great value in support of existing agencies in meeting devastating peacetime disasters such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, explosions and similar catastrophies. (OCDP, Civil Defense for National Security, 1948, p. v)