Leaking Modes 3
Leaking Modes 3 : Normal modes in a layered half-space, in general, have cutoff frequencies below which the phase velocity exceeds the P and/or S velocities of the half-space, and the energy leaks through the half-space as body waves. Because of the leakage, the amplitude of leaky modes attenuates exponentially with distance. See Aki and Richards (2002 or 2009, p. 312-324)
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