Any layer in the Earth in which seismic wave velocities are lower than in the layers above and below. The wider low velocity zone in the upper mantle with seismic velocities lower than in the overlying lid of the uppermost layer of the mantle is termed asthenosphere and is commonly associated with the presence of partial melt and ductile flow. See section 2.5.3.3 ??? and Fig. 2.30??? in Chapter 2 of this Manual and Lay (2002)