The Mortgage Portfolio Protection Program (MPPP) was introduced on January 1, 1991, as an additional tool to assist the mortgage lending and servicing industries in bringing their mortgage portfolios into compliance with the flood insurance requirements of the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. The MPPP is not intended to act as a substitute for the need for mortgagees to review all mortgage loan applications at the time of loan origination and comply with flood insurance requirements as appropriate. Proper implementation of the various requirements of the MPPP usually results in mortgagors, after their notification of the need for flood insurance, either showing evidence of such a policy, or contacting their local insurance agent or appropriate Write Your Own (WYO) company to purchase the necessary coverage. It is intended that flood insurance policies be written under the MPPP only as a last resort, and only on mortgages whose mortgagors have failed to respond to the various notifications required by the MPPP. (FEMA, MPPP, 2005)