"This Framework was preceded 15 years earlier by a Federal Response Plan (1992) that focused largely on Federal roles and responsibilities. Following the 9/11 attacks, more urgent efforts were made to understand and implement common incident management and response principles and to develop common planning frameworks. The 2004 NRP was an early outgrowth of those discussions, replacing the Federal Response Plan. It was published one year after creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The NRP broke new ground in integrating all levels of government in a common incident management framework. It incorporated incident coordination roles for Federal agencies2 as defined by several new laws and Presidential directives. Nine months after Katrina's landfall, a notice of change to the NRP was released, incorporating preliminary lessons learned from the 2005 hurricane season..... Stakeholders have advised that both the initial NRP and its 2006 iteration were bureaucratic and internally repetitive. Users also suggested the NRP was still insufficiently national in its focus, which is to say that it should speak more clearly to the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in response. Moreover, it was evident that the NRP and its supporting documents did not constitute a true operational plan in the sense understood by emergency managers. Its content was inconsistent with the promise of its title. In the last several years, operational planning on a national basis for specific types of incidents has matured. Both public and private sectors are making significant homeland security investments to strengthen the Nation's response capability.... Effective response to an incident is a shared responsibility of governments at all levels, the private sector and NGOs, and individual citizens. This Framework commits the Federal Government, in partnership with local, tribal, and State governments and the private sector, to complete both strategic and operational plans for the incident scenarios specified in the National Preparedness Guidelines.3 These plans will ultimately improve significantly the Incident Annexes to this Framework, which have been carried forward from the NRP". (DHS, NRF, Jan 2008, 2).