“The Federal government encourages and assists localities in full-spectrum emergency planning, including a range of potential peacetime hazards…However, it is also essential (and required as a condition of eligibility for Federal assistance) that each jurisdiction’s emergency plan provide for civil defense operations during periods of severe international crisis and attack. “The term Nuclear Civil Protection (NCP) planning refers to development of plans providing the following two options: (1) Protection of the population against nuclear attack effects essentially inplace, in jurisdictions throughout the U.S., at or near their places of residence. (2) Orderly relocation of people from areas of potential high risk from the direct effects of nuclear weapons, should national authorities elect to implement relocation plans during a severe crisis, and time and circumstances permit relocation, as well as the reception, care, and protection of relocated people in low-risk host areas. “NCP planning for the in-place protection option includes development or updating of both (1) a local community shelter plan (CSP) allocation, including standby information materials for the public; and (2) emergency plans, based on the CSP allocation, covering local government operations for sheltering the population. This type of NCP planning has been underway since 1966, and many localities will need to update in-place protection plans, as new shelter surveys provide a basis for revising CSP allocations…. “NCP planning for the relocation option includes both local and State-level planning for relocating people from high-risk areas, during a period of severe international crisis, to low-risk jurisdictions. High-risk jurisdictions thus require plans covering operations to relocate the people during a crisis, and then to maintain security in the risk area, to keep essential industry in operation by commuting key workers, and to shelter any persons still in the risk area in best-available shelter should an attack occur. Low-risk host jurisdictions, in contrast, require plans covering reception and care of relocated population, and provision of fallout protection for use in case of attack. “NCP planning is risk-oriented, in that plans needed by high-risk and low-risk jurisdictions will differ…Also, most low-risk jurisdictions will need plans for the contingency of hosting risk-area population in case of crisis relocation”. (DCPA, Standards For Local Civil Protection, 1978, 16-17)